1.2
The
Project proposes to decommission the existing CLS at Penny’s Bay in order to
make space available for the infrastructure construction in association with
the Hong Kong Disneyland Phase 1 development.
Key works of the Project comprise:
(a)
Demolition of
the existing structures within CLS;
(b)
Removal of
abandoned equipment/ installation/ facilities and waste materials in CLS;
(c)
Excavation of
the contaminated soil in CLS and on-site treatment or transportation to the
off-site treatment plants;
(d)
Installation
and operation of the on-site and off-site treatment plants;
(e)
Decommissioning
of the on-site and off-site treatment plants, site re-instatement and
associated clean up work;
(f)
Slope
improving works behind the CLS;
(g)
Filling of the
CLS to a new formation level after decommissioning; and
(h)
Implementation
of appropriate mitigation measures as recommended in this EIA report to avoid/
minimise any adverse environmental impacts arising from the Project, so that
the Project site would be made safe and free of hazards for the planned future
use.
1.3
The
Project consists of two Designated Projects (DPs), viz. item G.4 of Part I (a
waste disposal facility, or waste disposal activity for refuse or chemical,
industrial or special wastes) and item 17 of Part II (a facility for ship
building or repairing more than 1 ha in size or with lifting capacity in excess
of 20,000 tonnes) under Schedule 2 of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Ordinance. In compliance with the EIA Ordinance, environmental impacts due to
the Project shall be comprehensively assessed and an Environmental Permit (EP)
shall be obtained from the Director of Environmental Protection (DEP) prior to
the Project commencement. In September
2000, the Project Proponent, Special Duties (Works) Division of Civil
Engineering Department applied to the Environmental Protection Department for
an EIA Study Brief with a Project Profile.
An EIA Study Brief (No. ESB-062/2000) that purposes to guide the
carrying out of the EIA study, was issued on 9 November 2000.
1.4
The
EIA Report has been prepared in accordance with the requirements stipulated in
the Technical Memorandum on Environmental
Impact Assessment Process. This
covers relevant project information, relevant legislation, existing environmental
conditions, assessment criteria and methods, assessment findings and proposed
mitigation measures.
1.5
A
comparison of the options for decontamination works areas has been prepared
taking into account of the key factors and constraints. The characteristics of particular importance
are the size and availability of the site over the duration of the
decontamination treatment period, the implications of any delays in the
completion of the treatment affecting the infrastructure development, the distance
from the shipyard and means of access, the suitability of existing facilities
for access, the site constraints such as the presence of any sensitive
receivers and the potential environmental effects from storage and treatment.
1.6
The
review has determined that a suitable site at To Kau Wan is available for the
expected duration of the proposed decontamination works. The site at To Kau Wan is 5.8ha and is
adequate to accommodate all the treatment works on one site. The site is reasonably close to Penny’s Bay
and impacts arising from the land transportation of contaminated soils are
expected to be minimal. Potential environmental impacts associated with the
decontamination works are acceptable and can be mitigated as no sensitive land
uses are located nearby. Accordingly,
it is recommended that the site at To Kau Wan be used as the decontamination
works site.
2.1
Based
on the laboratory results of the site investigation, soil contamination is
found in Area 1, Area 2 and Area 3 of CLS.
The soil in Area 1 is predominantly contaminated with ‘metals’ and
‘metals/TPH/SVOCs’ whereas the soil in Area 3 is predominantly contaminated
with ‘metals’ and ‘dioxins/metals/TPH/SVOCs’.
The soil in Area 2 is contaminated with ‘metals’, ‘metals/TPH/SVOCs’ and
‘dioxins/metals/TPH/SVOCs’. (Please
refer Figures 2.2 to 2.4 for Areas 1 to 3, respectively.)
2.2
The
volumes of soils contaminated by different types of contaminants have been
estimated based on the extensive laboratory results and are tabulated in Table
2.1 respectively.
Table 2.1 Estimated Volumes of Soils Contaminated
by Different Types of Contaminants
|
Contaminant
Type(s) |
Estimated
Volume (m3) |
|
Metals
only |
48,000 |
|
TPH
/ SVOCs |
700 |
|
Metals
and TPH / SVOCs |
8,300 |
|
Dioxins
and Metals / TPH / SVOCs |
30,000 |
|
Total
Estimated Volume |
87,000 |
2.3
Although
the laboratory results of groundwater samples reveal some exceedances in the
screening criteria for risk assessment.
A risk assessment has been undertaken to assess the risk posed by the
contaminants in groundwater. The
results of the risk assessment reveal that the concentrations of all chemicals
of concern do not exceed the calculated ‘allowable’ concentrations and the risk
posed by the contaminants in groundwater is acceptable.
2.4
As
only a thin layer of TPH free product was discovered on the groundwater table
in one well during site investigation, the impact is considered
insignificant.
2.5
The
objectives of the remediation are:
·
To clean up the site to the remediation
targets and within the overall development programme with cost effective and
well established method;
·
To minimise the environmental impacts during
the excavation, construction and operation of the remedial systems; and
·
To protect construction workers adequately
from site hazards.
Selection of Remedial Methods
for Non-dioxin Contaminated Soil
2.6
Various
treatment technologies have been screened and evaluated. Cement solidification has been proposed for
soil contaminated with metals and biopiling for soil contaminated with TPH
and/or SVOC, taking into account of the applicability and limitations of the
treatment technologies.
Selection of Remedial
Method for Dioxin-contaminated Soil
2.7
Various
thermal and non-thermal technologies have been evaluated. Based on the comparative analysis in terms
of effectiveness, implementability and cost implications, thermal desorption is
proposed for the treatment of dioxin-contaminated soil and the residue
generated will be destroyed by incineration at Chemical Waste Treatment Centre
(CWTC).
Selection of
Implementation Option
2.8
Five different implementation options in relation to remedial method as
well as remedial location have been evaluated.
The option of excavating all contaminated soil, and treating them either
on-site at CLS or off-site at TKW (depending on the nature of contaminants) is
recommended.
Outline
of Proposed Implementation Option
2.9
The
proposed implementation option is recapitulated in Table 2.2. These methods are proposed based on the evaluation of
their effectiveness and implementability described above. During remediation, the contaminated soils
will be excavated. Metal-contaminated
soil will be treated on site whereas soil contaminated with other contaminants
will be transported to TKW (please refer to Figure
2.1 for location of TKW site) for off-site treatment. The
excavation plans for soil contaminated areas at Area 1, Area 2 and Area 3 are
depicted in Figures 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4, respectively. The proposed decontamination works area at
To Kau Wan is depicted in Figure 2.5.
Table
2.2 Proposed
Remediation Methods for Soil Contamination
|
Soil
Contaminant |
Proposed
Remediation Method |
Location |
|
Metals
only |
Cement
Solidification |
CLS |
|
TPH
/ SVOCs |
Biopiling |
TKW |
|
Metals
and TPH / SVOCs |
Biopiling
followed by Cement Solidification |
TKW |
|
Dioxins
and Metals / TPH / SVOCs |
Thermal
Desorption followed by Cement Solidification |
TKW |
Confirmation
Sampling and Testing
2.10
Confirmation
sampling and testing have been proposed for the followings:
i)
Soil excavation
to ensure complete removal of all contaminated soil;
ii) Biopile treatment to ensure attainment of
cleanup targets for soil contaminated with TPH/SVOC;
iii) Cement solidification to ensure attainment
of cleanup targets for soil contaminated with metals;
iv) Thermal desorption to ensure attainment for
cleanup targets for soil contaminated with dioxins; and
v) Skimming of any TPH free product encountered
at excavation areas to ensure complete removal of the TPH free product.
2.11
Various
environmental mitigation measures and health & safety measures have been
proposed for soil excavation, stockpiling of soil, biopile treatment, cement
solidification and thermal desorption.
With the incorporation of these measures during excavation and operation
of the remediation system, as well as the provisions of safety measures to site
workers, there is no residual impact arising from land contamination. Mitigation measures have been proposed for
excavation and operation of the remediation system regarding air, water, waste
and ecology, and are provided in the respective chapters of the EIA Report.
3.1
Dust
emission from the site is a concern for the building demolition, slope
improvement works of CLS. Total
Suspended Particulates (TSP) would be generated from materials handling and
truck movement over haul roads. With
the incorporation of dust control measures stipulated in the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust)
Regulation, the TSP level at the ASR will be low. Mitigation measures have been proposed for the building
demolition and slope improvement works CLS and are included in the chapter of
air quality.
3.2
Excavation
of contaminated area would disturb the soil, and dioxins bind onto the soil
would be dispersed in form of dust. Modelling
results indicated that the impacts at the ASRs are low and satisfied the hourly
criteria. The following mitigation
measures are proposed at work sites of contaminated pits.
·
The top layer
soils shall be sprayed with fine misting of water immediately before the
excavation to avoid dust emission.
·
Inactive excavated area shall be covered by
impermeable sheeting to minimise dust emissions.
3.3
Solidification
will be conducted at the CLS to stabilise heavy metals in soil. Biopiling, thermal desorption and
solidification as parts of the decontamination process will be conducted at
TKW. The biopiles could reduce organic
constituents by 99% whereas the solidification process could immobilise the
toxic material. The design of thermal
desorption plant and associated air treatment unit shall allow only 0.0001% of
dioxins, organic gases and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the
soils, escaped as gaseous pollutants.
Air emissions from these facilities have been modelled and assessed to
be within the respective criteria. The
following mitigation measures are proposed for the treatment facilities:
·
The thermal
desorption shall be of enclosed process;
·
For the
thermal desorption process, the dioxin emissions shall be limited to 0.1 ng/m3
and Total Organic Compounds (TOC) emission limited to 20 mg/m3;
·
The design of
thermal desorption plant is of enclosed type and together with the associated
air treatment unit shall allow only 0.0001% of dioxins, organic gas and PAHs
from the soils, escaped as gaseous pollutants;
·
TOC emission
from the biopile shall be limited to 20 mg/m3, with maximum flow
rate of 56 m3/min;
·
Back-up carbon
absorber shall be installed for the biopile to ensure that the TOC criteria is
satisfied;
·
The biopiles
shall be covered by impermeable sheeting to avoid emission of VOCs; and
·
Mixing process
at TKW will be enclosed and cement for solidification shall follow the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust)
Regulation.
3.4
Air
quality impact associated with the decommissioning of TKW site will be low and
complied with the criteria.
3.5
The
health risk of inhalation associated with the operation of the treatment
facilities has been assessed to be insignificant, and comply with international
criteria.
3.6
With
implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, there will be no residual
impact.
4.1
Construction
& Demolition (C&D) material will be generated during the demolition of
the shipyard facilities. It is
estimated that about 10,000m3 C&D material will be generated of
which about 1,000m3 are contaminated. In addition, about 1,000 tonnes of steel and 5,000 m3
of general refuse will also be generated.
It is considered that adverse waste impacts will not be generated
provided that good site practices and sound waste handling practices
recommended are strictly followed.
4.2
During
slope improvement behind CLS, around 40,000m3 soil and 2,100m3
rock will be generated. It is
considered that no adverse impact will arise provided that the excavated materials
will be reused/ recycled within CLS as much as practical.
4.3
During
remediation, about 87,000m3 contaminated soil will be excavated from
Cheoy Lee Shipyard and either treated on-site or transported to TKW for
off-site treatment depending on the types of contaminants. The soils after treatment will turn to clean
inert materials suitable for public filling.
The condensate as the end product of the treatment and other chemical
wastes will be collected and disposed of at the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre. Thus, no residual waste impact is expected.
4.4
The
overall total of C&D material to be generated by this Project is estimated
around 0.4Mm3. The C&D
material will be reused and recycled as far as practicable in the land
formation works within CLS site so as to minimise the amount of C&D
material to be disposed of at public filling areas (PFAs).
4.5
Mitigation
measures have been proposed in relation to waste collection, handling,
transportation, storage and disposal to minimise environmental impacts.
4.6
To
ensure proper waste handling and management procedures are strictly followed,
the Contractor shall prepare the following documents for the Engineer’s
approval prior to work.
· Waste
Management Plan;
· Operational
Plan;
· Spill
Handling Contingency Plan; and
· Building
Decommissioning Plan.
4.7
In
addition, the following registration/ licence/ approval/ permit/ notification
are required:
·
Waste Producer
Registration: The Contractor is required to be registered under the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General)
Regulation;
·
Waste
Collection Licence: A Waste Collection Licence under the Waste Disposal
Ordinance is required for the transport/ delivery of chemical wastes to
off-site waste disposal facilities;
·
Waste Disposal
Licence: A Waste Disposal Licence is required for the operation of the off-site
treatment facility a TKW for the treatment for dioxin-contaminated soil.
·
Approval for
Using Large Container: Approval is required under the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation for using
chemical waste container with a capacity exceeding 450L.
·
Part A
Notification: Prior notification to the Environmental Protection Department is
required before any collection of Part A chemical waste.
·
Noise Permit:
A Noise Permit under Noise Control
Ordinance is required for night-time operation of the decontamination
system and transportation of contaminated soil by trucks to TKW at night.
4.8
With
implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, there will be no residual
impact.
Building
Demolition and Slope Improvement
5.1
During the building demolition and slope improvement, adverse water
quality impacts arising from runoff and sewage effluent generated by the
construction workforce are not likely with ‘best practical’ site procedures
implemented. Regular site audits are therefore recommended to ensure that ‘best
site practices’ and relevant mitigation measures be implemented throughout the
Project.
At Cheoy Lee Site
5.2
After demolished the building, contaminated soils at CLS would be
excavated for on-site and off-site treatment. Local groundwater will be drawn
out (i.e. dewatering) when excavation proceeds below the water table. The
groundwater with elevated metal and TPH levels, though not contaminated in
accordance with risk-based assessment, would impose water quality impact if
being directly discharged into the drainage channel. As a mitigation measure,
the groundwater pumped out shall be recharged within CLS site in such a manner
that it would not cause local rising of water table leading to contaminant
migration. Wheel wash water and
decontamination wastewater generated will be considered contaminated. A mitigation measure to install a
centralised water treatment unit is recommended to treat the effluent before
discharged. With the implementation of the mitigation measures, no adverse
water quality impact is envisaged.
5.3
Impact of groundwater seepage to nearby marine water via the future drainage
channel to the north of CLS site was also assessed. The drainage channel would
be built above the existing CLS ground level thus this effectively isolates the
groundwater from seeping into the channel. In any case, the groundwater, if any
seeped into the channel would be diluted a lot, therefore water quality impact
arising from the groundwater seepage to the nearby marine water is not
likely. No impact on the artificial
lake of the future water recreation centre is predicted arising from groundwater
seepage. This is because:
·
the planned
water level of the artificial lake will be higher than the CLS water table
level;
·
there is an
impermeable liner at the bottom of the lake to subsurface contaminants
infiltration; and
·
the soil
contamination would be cleaned up during the CLS decommissioning, thus removing
the contaminant source.
5.4
Pending receipt by the solidification facility, there would be temporary
stockpiles of metal-contaminated soil.
It is recommended that temporary stockpiles be lined with impervious
sheeting, bunded and covered by impermeable sheeting during rain events whereby
the volume of contaminated runoff and leachate would be reduced. The generation
of contaminated runoff and leachate would be further minimised respectively by
sheltering the solidification facility and controlling water addition during
the solidification process. In the end, a licensed centralised wastewater
treatment unit is recommended for treating the contaminated runoff and leachate
prior to their discharging into local drainage. Taking the above
considerations, no adverse impact arising from the operation of the
solidification facility is predicted.
At To Kau Wan Site
5.5
Biopile, thermal desorption process and solidification are the major
decontamination processes conducted at the To Kau Wan decontamination
site. Potential water quality impact of
contaminating the nearly water bodies would be arising from various site
effluents, viz. plant leachate, contaminated run-off from the thermal
desorption plant, wheel wash water and decontamination water. It is therefore
recommended to install a licensed centralised wastewater treatment unit for
treating the effluent before being discharged. With the wastewater treatment
unit in place and in operation, no adverse water quality impact is envisaged.
5.6
Other
mitigation measures as follows have been recommended in relation to biopiling,
thermal desorption and solidification desorption processes to minimise
generation of contaminated runoff and leachate:
Biopiling
·
Impermeable
floor liner to be placed and associated leachate collection sump to be
installed for the biopile,
·
Concrete bund
to be constructed along the perimeter of biopiles,
·
Impermeable
sheeting to be provided over the formed biopile during rain events.
Thermal Desorption
·
Shelter and
leachate collection system to be provided for the storage bin of dioxin
contaminated soils,
·
Concrete bund
to be constructed at the perimeter of the plant,
·
Runoff
collection system to be installed for the plant.
Solidification
·
Shelter to be provided
for soil loading and unloading area and the entire facility,
·
Concrete bund
to be constructed at the perimeter of the facility,
·
Any pits used
for solidification process to be shallower than the water table to avoid
leaching of the contaminated soil and to be lined with impermeable membrane.
6.1
Based
on the assessment, works associated with this project have the potential to
cause high level impacts on ecological resources.
6.2
The
greatest possible disturbance is to Rice-fish (Oryzias curvinotus) habitats at Mong Tung Hang Stream (MTHS), and
restricted / protected plant species around CLS.
6.3
Detailed
measures to mitigate high level ecological impacts arising from this project
are recommended. Good construction
practice is recommended to avoid / minimise disturbance to other habitats
surrounding the shipyards.
6.4
The
following mitigation measures are proposed:
Impacts to
Restricted/Protected Plant Species
·
Where possible, restricted/protected plant species
are to be preserved in situ. Areas
supporting the highest concentrations of restricted/protected species have been
fenced off to prevent tipping, vehicle movement and encroachment of personnel
into these areas.
·
Design of slope works has been modified to minimise
impact to the plants concerned.
· Plants directly affected by the proposed
works are to be transplanted to suitable receptor site at Tai Tam Country
Park. To maximise the transplantation
success, seeds will be collected and stored in specialist facilities prior to
transplantation. If transplanting
proves unsuccessful, the introduction of germinated seed and stored plants to
receptor sites shall be considered.
Impacts to Rice Fish
(Oryzias curvinotus)Habitats at MTHS
·
The lower
course of MTHS will be affected by the proposed works at CLS. The specific nature of mitigation measures
will be determined by the results of future studies of the stream as the Rice
Fish previously recorded has not been found again in this study: It is
recommended that more detailed surveys of fish populations are carried out
prior to the commencement of fill works.
·
If Rice Fish (Oryzias curvinotus) are found in future surveys, they shall be
temporarily relocated to holding aquaria.
A recreated habitat suitable for the fish shall then be constructed at
MTHS, and the fish returned to the habitat.
·
If no Rice Fish (Oryzias curvinotus) are
found in future surveys, it will be possible to source a captive population,
and re-introduce the fish to a re-created habitat at MTHS.
·
Environmentally friendly design will be incorporated
in the future drainage channel to encourage recolonisation of the lower stream
fauna.
Disturbance to To Kau
Wan
·
The construction of biopiles (where high levels of
activity may disturb the birds) shall take place from October-February, outside
of the Ardeid breeding season;
·
Bio-piles shall be placed at the west of the site,
to minimise disturbance to area where egrets were seen;
·
Blowers shall be placed at the back of biopiles to
minimise disturbance to area where egrets were seen.
Shipyard Decommissioning
and Transport of Harmful Contaminants
·
All potentially harmful contaminants from CLS shall
be handled, treated and disposed of in an appropriate manner; to minimise risks
to human health and flora and fauna.
Fill / Slope Works
·
Shotcrete should not be used for the slope
works. The design of slope works shall
make reference to the GEO Publication No. 1/2000 “Technical Guidelines on
Landscape Treatment and Bioengineering for Man-made Slopes and Retaining
Walls”.
·
Works on slopes supporting natural vegetation shall
be minimised as far as slope safety standards allow.
·
Hydroseeding and planting of trees and shrubs
including native species will be undertaken on newly created slopes.
6.5
With
the proposed mitigation measures in place, residual impacts arising from the
project will be ecologically acceptable.
7.1
An
archaeological survey has been conducted for the CLS, and revealed artifacts of
high archaeological values in CLS. Many
artifacts of different periods, including the Late Neolithic period, Bronze
Age, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Ching Dynasty have been
recovered in CLS, along the ancient coastal area.
7.2
Potential
impact to archaeological resources may arise from landtake, ground compaction,
topsoil or subsoil disturbance during construction, change in watertable and a
limitation on accessibility for future investigation, which may result in
damage to, or loss of the archaeological remains. Preservation measures include covering the archaeological
potential sites, where are not subjected to rescue excavation, by impermeable
sheeting before filling. Detailed
design of filling work should include diversion of site runoff to prevent any
waterlogged conditions at the archaeological sites. Onl-site monitoring has been proposed to minimise the impacts of
archaeological deposits. For areas
where preservation in site is not possible, the impact in the heritage
resources should be mitigated by rescue excavation. All rescue works have to be completed prior to the decontaminated
works of CLS.
8.1
Environmental
monitoring and audit are recommended for land contamination, air quality, water
quality, waste management and ecology.
Details of the recommended mitigation measures, monitoring procedures
and locations have been presented in a stand-alone Environmental Monitoring and
Audit Manual (EM&A). This will
enable the Contractor to have early warning and provide necessary action to
reduce impacts at specific areas if the assessment criteria are
approached. The effectiveness of
on-site control measures could also be evaluated through the monitoring
exercise. All the recommended
mitigation measures shall be incorporated into the EM&A programme for
implementation.
8.2
A
summary for all parameters to be monitored and audited during construction
phase and operational phases are summarised in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1 Summary for All Monitoring Parameters
|
Parameter |
Monitoring and Audit Requirements |
|||
|
Building Demolition and Slope Improvement Phases |
Remediation Phase |
TKW Decommissioning Phase |
||
|
At CLS |
At TKW |
|||
|
Land Contamination |
Nil |
·
Monitoring of groundwater level at recharge
point and the proximate location during dewatering. ·
Monitoring and confirmation sampling/testing shall be carried out to
ensure complete removal of any free product encountered during excavation. ·
Confirmation sampling/testing shall be carried out for: (i) soil excavation;
(ii) biopile treatment; (iii) solidification; and (iv) thermal desorption
process. |
· Weekly site audits |
·
Weekly site audits |
|
Air Quality |
·
Weekly site audits |
· Ambient TSP and dioxin monitoring at sensitive receivers. |
· Ambient TSP and dioxin monitoring at sensitive receivers. · Monitoring of TOC in biopile gas effluent · Stack monitoring of dioxin emission from the thermal desorption plant · CEM of TOC, O2, CO2 and CO from the stack of thermal desorption plant · Weekly site audits |
·
Weekly site audits |
|
Waste Management |
·
Weekly site audits |
·
Weekly site audits |
·
Weekly site audits |
·
Weekly site audits |
|
Water Quality |
·
Weekly site audits |
·
Monitoring of the effluent quality of the water treatment unit (for wheel
washing water and decontamination water) ·
Weekly site audits |
·
Monitoring of the effluent quality of the water treatment unit (for
wheel washing water, decontamination water, leachate and runoff from thermal
desorption plant ·
Weekly site audits |
·
Weekly site audits |
|
Ecology |
· Monitoring of transplanted plants at the receptor site. · Monitoring of stream fauna (e.g. macroinvertebrates at the new habitat
prior to the relocation of Rice fish). ·
Monitoring of relocated fish species at the
new habitat |
|||
9.1
The
findings of this EIA have provided information on the nature and extent of
environmental impacts arising from the decommission of the CLS. The EIA has, where appropriate, identified mitigation
measures to ensure compliance with environmental legislation and standards.
9.2
Overall,
the EIA Report for the decommissioning of the CLS has predicted that the
Project will comply with all environmental standards and legislation after the
proposed construction and operational stage mitigation measures are
implemented. This EIA has also
demonstrated the general acceptability of the residual impacts from the Project
and the protection of the population and environmentally sensitive
receivers. Environmental monitoring and
audit mechanisms have been recommended during the decommissioning of CLS, where
necessary, to verify the accuracy of the EIA predictions and the effectiveness
of recommended mitigation measures.
9.3
The
nature of the project is primarily of environmental improvement. Contaminated
materials are permanently removed from the ground and cleaned up, removing a
source of long term liability. After
the shipyard is decommissioned, it provides room for the infrastructure in
support of the Theme Park Development.
The safety of the slopes is improved.
The habitat of the Rich Fish which is of conservation interest will be
recreated, and restricted/protected plants will be conserved on-site, or
transplanted to a suitable receptor site.
The archaeological artefacts are rescued or preserved from the
site.
